C++ Programming Course in Pune with Placement

Modern C++ from a C-aware starting point. Cover the C++ compilation model (and how it differs from C), namespaces, references vs pointers, default arguments, function overloading, the iostream library (we teach `std::print` from C++23 where available, with `std::cout` as fallback), input / output streams, plus the modern toolchain — GCC 14 / Clang 18+, CMake for cross-platform builds, Conan or vcpkg for dependencies, the discipline of `-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic` warnings as errors. By the end of week 1 every student has a CMake-built C++23 project with passing CI.

The procedural base that modern C++ still rests on. Types and their real sizes, `auto` and type deduction, `const` and `constexpr`, and the initialisation forms — including brace initialisation and why it is the safer default. Control flow, then functions: parameters by value and by reference, default arguments, overloading and the resolution rules, and `inline`.

Arrays and multidimensional arrays are covered alongside `std::array` and `std::vector`, with the standing recommendation to reach for the standard containers and the honest reason to still understand raw arrays: you will meet them in existing code and in every interview that touches memory.

The concepts that decide whether someone can read C++ or merely write it. Pointers and pointer arithmetic; references and the ways they differ from pointers; `const` correctness applied to both, which is where the syntax genuinely does get confusing and is worth slowing down for.

Dynamic memory with `new` and `delete`, arrays and their matching `delete[]`, and the failure modes: leaks, double frees, dangling pointers and use-after-free. This module deliberately precedes smart pointers so that RAII later reads as the solution to a problem you have personally had, rather than a rule you were handed.

OOP in C++ as it is actually used in production. Classes — declaration, member functions, constructors / destructors, the rule of zero / three / five (the discipline that prevents resource-leak bugs), copy constructors vs move constructors (C++11+), copy assignment vs move assignment, default / delete on special member functions. Inheritance and polymorphism — virtual functions, virtual destructors (the topic every C++ interview tests for), pure virtual functions, abstract base classes, the diamond problem and virtual inheritance. Plus modern alternatives — composition over inheritance, type erasure, std::variant + std::visit for closed-set polymorphism.

The parts of C++ that make user-defined types behave like built-in ones. Operator overloading covers arithmetic, comparison, stream insertion and extraction, subscript, function call and assignment — with the discipline that matters more than the syntax: overload an operator only when its meaning is obvious, because a `+` that does something surprising is worse than a method with a clear name.

Friend functions and classes are covered with their trade-off stated plainly. `const` correctness closes the module — const member functions, const parameters and const return values — because it is what makes an interface honest about what it will and will not modify.

Templates are the heart of modern C++. Cover function templates, class templates, template specialisation (full and partial), variadic templates (the foundation of std::tuple and forward / argument forwarding), `auto` and template-argument deduction, plus the major C++20 addition — concepts (constraining templates with readable error messages, replacing the old SFINAE / enable_if pattern). We finish by writing a small generic container that uses concepts to constrain its element type cleanly.

The Standard Template Library at the level you actually use it. Containers — std::vector (the default), std::array, std::deque, std::list, std::map / std::unordered_map, std::set / std::unordered_set, std::string. Iterators — input / output / forward / bidirectional / random-access, the categories that matter for choosing algorithms. Algorithms — std::sort, std::find, std::transform, std::accumulate, std::for_each, plus the C++20 ranges library (the modern, composable replacement for iterator-pair algorithms). We rewrite a typical 'mutate this vector through 5 stages' loop in three styles — classic, algorithm-based, ranges-based — to internalise the difference.

Failure and persistence, treated together because both are where resource management becomes visible. Exceptions cover `try`, `catch` and `throw`, the standard exception hierarchy, custom exception types, catching by reference, and the exception-safety guarantees — basic, strong and no-throw — that a library author is expected to state.

The interaction with RAII is the important part: an exception thrown between a `new` and its `delete` leaks, and destructors running during stack unwinding are what make the smart pointers in the next module correct rather than merely convenient. File I/O then covers streams, text and binary modes, error state checking and stream manipulators.

RAII is the C++ idea that defines the language. Cover the discipline — every resource (memory, file handle, mutex, network connection) gets owned by an object whose destructor releases it. Then the modern smart-pointer landscape — std::unique_ptr (the default, single-owner), std::shared_ptr (when shared ownership is genuinely needed), std::weak_ptr (for breaking cycles), std::make_unique / std::make_shared (always preferred over raw `new`). We deliberately spend a full week here because Pune C++ interviews test this depth; senior interviewers will ask you to design a small resource-owning class on the whiteboard and reject anything that uses raw `new` / `delete` without compelling reason.

The feature that changed C++ performance characteristics, and the one most self-taught developers cannot explain. Lvalues and rvalues; rvalue references; move constructors and move assignment; and `std::move`, which is correctly described as a cast rather than as something that moves anything.

The rule of five follows from it, then perfect forwarding with forwarding references and `std::forward` — the mechanism behind `emplace_back` and every factory function in the standard library. Copy elision and return-value optimisation close the module, including the useful fact that the compiler frequently does this for you and hand-written `std::move` on a return can make things worse.

The features that define C++17/20/23. C++17 — std::optional, std::variant, std::any, structured bindings, fold expressions, std::filesystem. C++20 — modules (where compilers support them), coroutines, ranges, designated initialisers, three-way comparison (spaceship operator). C++23 — std::expected, std::print, multidimensional subscript. Plus a concurrency primer — std::thread, std::async, std::future / std::promise, std::mutex / std::lock_guard / std::unique_lock, the discipline of avoiding data races, std::atomic for lock-free patterns, and a brief preview of std::execution / std::stop_token.

The interview layer, and the reason many learners choose C++ in the first place. Implementing linked lists, stacks, queues, trees and graphs by hand, then comparing each with its standard-library equivalent — which teaches both the structure and the reason the standard version is the one to ship.

Algorithms cover sorting, searching, recursion, greedy approaches, divide and conquer, and an introduction to dynamic programming. Complexity analysis is applied throughout in Big-O terms, along with the practical note that constant factors and cache behaviour are why a `std::vector` frequently beats a `std::list` even where the asymptotics say otherwise.

Finding faults in a language that will happily compile a program with undefined behaviour. GDB and LLDB for breakpoints, backtraces and inspecting objects; address, undefined-behaviour and thread sanitisers, which catch at runtime what review misses; and Valgrind for leaks.

Secure practice covers the C++ vulnerability classes that persist because the language allows them — buffer overruns, iterator invalidation, dangling references, integer overflow, uninitialised reads — and the modern habits that remove most of them: standard containers over raw arrays, smart pointers over raw owning pointers, `std::string_view` used carefully, and static analysis with clang-tidy in the build.

The professional layer. Git as collaboration — branching, merging, conflicts, pull requests, and a history someone else can read. For C++ specifically, a credible repository needs a build that works from a clean checkout, which in practice means CMake, a stated compiler and standard version, and a README that says how to build and what the program does.

The habit worth carrying out of the course is documenting limitations honestly: a repository that states which platforms it was tested on and what it does not handle reads as considerably more professional than one that implies it handles everything.

Production C++ engineering practices. Testing with GoogleTest (the dominant Pune C++ choice) and Catch2 (the simpler alternative), the discipline of writing small, fast unit tests that run sanitiser-clean. Build systems — CMake at the level you actually use (targets, properties, find_package, FetchContent), Conan / vcpkg for dependency management. Static analysis with clang-tidy, plus the discipline of treating warnings as errors. Capstone project (see Capstone Projects). Mock interviews calibrated for Pune C++ hiring panels — KPIT, Tata Elxsi, L&T Tech Services, the captive R&D arms, plus quant-trading boutiques.